Introduction & Definition of Computer & Its History.
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Introduction of Computer:--
In 1640s, Computer term was first used as "one who calculates." From 1897, term changed and got a new computer meaning "Calculating machine ". From 1945 the term indicates as " Programmable digital electronic computer".
🌿
Computer Definition :--
The word compute is derived from the Latin word ‘Computare', was meaning "arithmetic, accounting".
Some people say that COMPUTER stands for Common Operating Machine
Purposely Used for Technological and
Educational Research. .
"A COMPUTER is a general purpose electronic device that is used to perform arithmetic and logical operations automatically."
The Computer meaning is the digital device that stores information in memory using input devices and manipulate information to produce output according to given instructions.
Computer Meaning in General Term:-
Technically, a computer means to calculate or electronic programmable machine.
Computer is used to perform some sequence of instructions in fast and accurate manner.
Computer receives input in the form of digitalized data, using input devices like keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner etc. It process based on a program instructions to give output.
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Different generations of computers
First Generation (1940 - 1956): In this first generation of computers, Vacuum Tube technology was used, which made it possible for computers to perform calculations.
Second Generation (1956 - 1963): The second generation of computers used Transistor technology, which then slightly reduced the size of the computer and accelerated the performance.
Third Generation (1964 - 1971): The third generation of computers used integrated circuit (IC) technology, making it more reliable and faster than previous generations of computers.
Fourth Generation (1972 - 2010): In fourth generation computers, microprocessor technology was used, which was much faster, reliable and smaller in size than the first, second and third generation. Which you can easily pick up and keep anywhere.
Fifth Generation (Since 2010): Fifth Generation Computers have used Artificial Intelligence, which makes it paramount in computer technology, these computers have artificial intelligence, using which they can use the problem themselves. Can solve.
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Two Different form of Computer are existed:--
Analog & Digital Computer..
• An analog computer or 'analogue computer' which is used to process analog data.
• Today most commonly type of computer that input information using discrete rather than continuous, is called digital computer that use ‘binary digits’.
Generally following Computer hardware components are required. :-
• Memory:- It is a physical device (integrated circuits or chip) that enables a computer to store data and programs temporarily or permanently. It is also term as "primary storage".
• Mass Storage Device (MSD):- It is used to store large amounts of data for example hard disks, USB drive, CD-ROM etc.
• Input Device:- It is any hardware device like keyboard and mouse that sends data to a computer.
• Output Device:- It is a device that sends data from a computer to another device.
• CPU (Central Processing Unit) :- It is also referred to as a processor or brains of a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer system.
History of Computer :-
Professor Charles Babbage’s analytical engine considered as "Fundamental framework of computer" is a mechanical general-purpose programmable computing engine. It was a successor to the Difference Engine.
Computer that we use today is absolutely different from the first generation computer. Evolution in technology from 19th century to present day modified computer totally.
Use of Computer:-
In digital world, from a small wrist watch to space satellite all are controlled by computer.
A small or large machine was handled by humans in past, but in digitalized world these are handled by programmed humans i.e. ‘Robots’.
Types of Computer, by size
According to required services speed or efficiency different types of computers are available in market.
• Super Computer:- Large in size and more powerful. Used for large and complex calculation.
• Mainframe Computer:- Mainframe computers are smaller than supercomputer.
It has large storage capacity and capable to perform large calculation. Used in bank, educational institution.
• Mini Computer:- Minicomputers are multi user which are mainly used by small organization.
• Micro Computer:- Microcomputer is defined as small size, inexpensive, easy to carry computer e.g. Laptop, tablets.
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कम्प्यूटर और इसके इतिहास की जानकारी।
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Parts Of Computer:-
All general-purpose computers has the following main hardware components.
Memory:- Memory enables the computers to store, at least temporarily, data and programs.
Mass Storage device :- Allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data.
Common classic mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives.
The latest being the Hard Disks and USB mass storage devices.
Input device :- The most usual Input Device are a keyboard and mouse. They are used to put in data and instructions to computer.
Output device :- The most usual output devices are display screens such as Monitor which are of several types now a days and a printer, Or
Other device that lets us see what the computer has accomplished.
Central Processing Unit) ( CPU) :- This can be called brain of the computer which actually executes the instructions.
CPU :-
A general purpose computer has four main sections: the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O).
These parts are interconnected by busses, often made of groups of wires. The control unit, ALU, registers, and basic I/O (and often other hardware closely linked with these) is collectively known as a Central Processing Unit (CPU).
CPU plays a role analogous to the brain in the computer.
It was the contribution of the miniaturization and integration techniques that made possible the development of the microprocessor.
A Microprocessor is a CPU chip that incorporates additional circuitry and memory.
Typical CPU chips and microprocessors are composed of four functional sections:
Arithmetic/ logic unit (ALU) :- gives the chip its calculating ability and permits arithmetical and logical operations.
Registers:- The registers are temporary storage areas that hold data, keep track of instructions and hold the location and results of these operations.
Control section:- The control section times and regulates the operations of the entire computer system; its instruction decoder reads the patterns of data in a designated register and translates the pattern into an activity, such as adding or.
comparing; and its interrupt unit indicates the order in which individual operations use the CPU and regulates the amount of CPU time that each operation may consume.
An Internal bus :- It’s a network of communication lines that connect the internal elements of the processor and also leads to external connectors that link the processor to the other elements of the computer system.
CPU Cache:- A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory.
The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations.
Motherboard:- The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer and as such acts as the “circulation system” of the computer.
All signals used by the computer are processed by the motherboard.
Memory chips, the central processor, expansion boards and cables to disk drives all attach to the motherboard.
Thus, a motherboard is the data and power infrastructure for the entire computer.
Port :- A hardware computer port is a physical interface between a computer and other computers or devices.
A software computer port is a virtual data connection between computer programs possibly through a computer network.
USB :- USB stands for universal serial Bus and is a common component on new computers.
The port looks like a flat slot and there are usually two of them together.
These are also called Plug-and-play ports. They are such that once they are in used; the connected devices start handshaking automatically.
BIOS :-
BIO refers to basic input/output system (BIOS). BIOS software is built into the PC, and is the first code run by a PC when powered on, and that is why it is called boot firmware.
In computing, firmware is software that is embedded in a hardware device.
Thus, primary function of the BIOS is to set up the hardware and load and start an operating system.
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Application of Computer:--
🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹
Introduction of Computer:--
In 1640s, Computer term was first used as "one who calculates." From 1897, term changed and got a new computer meaning "Calculating machine ". From 1945 the term indicates as " Programmable digital electronic computer".
🌿
Computer Definition :--
The word compute is derived from the Latin word ‘Computare', was meaning "arithmetic, accounting".
Some people say that COMPUTER stands for Common Operating Machine
Purposely Used for Technological and
Educational Research. .
"A COMPUTER is a general purpose electronic device that is used to perform arithmetic and logical operations automatically."
The Computer meaning is the digital device that stores information in memory using input devices and manipulate information to produce output according to given instructions.
Computer Meaning in General Term:-
Technically, a computer means to calculate or electronic programmable machine.
Computer is used to perform some sequence of instructions in fast and accurate manner.
Computer receives input in the form of digitalized data, using input devices like keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner etc. It process based on a program instructions to give output.
🌿🌿🌿💐💐💐🌿🌿🌿
Different generations of computers
First Generation (1940 - 1956): In this first generation of computers, Vacuum Tube technology was used, which made it possible for computers to perform calculations.
Second Generation (1956 - 1963): The second generation of computers used Transistor technology, which then slightly reduced the size of the computer and accelerated the performance.
Third Generation (1964 - 1971): The third generation of computers used integrated circuit (IC) technology, making it more reliable and faster than previous generations of computers.
Fourth Generation (1972 - 2010): In fourth generation computers, microprocessor technology was used, which was much faster, reliable and smaller in size than the first, second and third generation. Which you can easily pick up and keep anywhere.
Fifth Generation (Since 2010): Fifth Generation Computers have used Artificial Intelligence, which makes it paramount in computer technology, these computers have artificial intelligence, using which they can use the problem themselves. Can solve.
🌿🌿🌿🌿💐💐💐💐🌿🌿
Two Different form of Computer are existed:--
Analog & Digital Computer..
• An analog computer or 'analogue computer' which is used to process analog data.
• Today most commonly type of computer that input information using discrete rather than continuous, is called digital computer that use ‘binary digits’.
Generally following Computer hardware components are required. :-
• Memory:- It is a physical device (integrated circuits or chip) that enables a computer to store data and programs temporarily or permanently. It is also term as "primary storage".
• Mass Storage Device (MSD):- It is used to store large amounts of data for example hard disks, USB drive, CD-ROM etc.
• Input Device:- It is any hardware device like keyboard and mouse that sends data to a computer.
• Output Device:- It is a device that sends data from a computer to another device.
• CPU (Central Processing Unit) :- It is also referred to as a processor or brains of a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer system.
History of Computer :-
Professor Charles Babbage’s analytical engine considered as "Fundamental framework of computer" is a mechanical general-purpose programmable computing engine. It was a successor to the Difference Engine.
Computer that we use today is absolutely different from the first generation computer. Evolution in technology from 19th century to present day modified computer totally.
Use of Computer:-
In digital world, from a small wrist watch to space satellite all are controlled by computer.
A small or large machine was handled by humans in past, but in digitalized world these are handled by programmed humans i.e. ‘Robots’.
Types of Computer, by size
According to required services speed or efficiency different types of computers are available in market.
• Super Computer:- Large in size and more powerful. Used for large and complex calculation.
• Mainframe Computer:- Mainframe computers are smaller than supercomputer.
It has large storage capacity and capable to perform large calculation. Used in bank, educational institution.
• Mini Computer:- Minicomputers are multi user which are mainly used by small organization.
• Micro Computer:- Microcomputer is defined as small size, inexpensive, easy to carry computer e.g. Laptop, tablets.
👍👍💐💐💐👍👍
इस link को पढ़ें---
कम्प्यूटर और इसके इतिहास की जानकारी।
💐💐💐💐💐💐💐
Parts Of Computer:-
All general-purpose computers has the following main hardware components.
Memory:- Memory enables the computers to store, at least temporarily, data and programs.
Mass Storage device :- Allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data.
Common classic mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives.
The latest being the Hard Disks and USB mass storage devices.
Input device :- The most usual Input Device are a keyboard and mouse. They are used to put in data and instructions to computer.
Output device :- The most usual output devices are display screens such as Monitor which are of several types now a days and a printer, Or
Other device that lets us see what the computer has accomplished.
Central Processing Unit) ( CPU) :- This can be called brain of the computer which actually executes the instructions.
CPU :-
A general purpose computer has four main sections: the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O).
These parts are interconnected by busses, often made of groups of wires. The control unit, ALU, registers, and basic I/O (and often other hardware closely linked with these) is collectively known as a Central Processing Unit (CPU).
CPU plays a role analogous to the brain in the computer.
It was the contribution of the miniaturization and integration techniques that made possible the development of the microprocessor.
A Microprocessor is a CPU chip that incorporates additional circuitry and memory.
Typical CPU chips and microprocessors are composed of four functional sections:
Arithmetic/ logic unit (ALU) :- gives the chip its calculating ability and permits arithmetical and logical operations.
Registers:- The registers are temporary storage areas that hold data, keep track of instructions and hold the location and results of these operations.
Control section:- The control section times and regulates the operations of the entire computer system; its instruction decoder reads the patterns of data in a designated register and translates the pattern into an activity, such as adding or.
comparing; and its interrupt unit indicates the order in which individual operations use the CPU and regulates the amount of CPU time that each operation may consume.
An Internal bus :- It’s a network of communication lines that connect the internal elements of the processor and also leads to external connectors that link the processor to the other elements of the computer system.
CPU Cache:- A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory.
The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations.
Motherboard:- The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer and as such acts as the “circulation system” of the computer.
All signals used by the computer are processed by the motherboard.
Memory chips, the central processor, expansion boards and cables to disk drives all attach to the motherboard.
Thus, a motherboard is the data and power infrastructure for the entire computer.
Port :- A hardware computer port is a physical interface between a computer and other computers or devices.
A software computer port is a virtual data connection between computer programs possibly through a computer network.
USB :- USB stands for universal serial Bus and is a common component on new computers.
The port looks like a flat slot and there are usually two of them together.
These are also called Plug-and-play ports. They are such that once they are in used; the connected devices start handshaking automatically.
BIOS :-
BIO refers to basic input/output system (BIOS). BIOS software is built into the PC, and is the first code run by a PC when powered on, and that is why it is called boot firmware.
In computing, firmware is software that is embedded in a hardware device.
Thus, primary function of the BIOS is to set up the hardware and load and start an operating system.
👍👍💐💐👍👍💐💐💐👍👍
Application of Computer:--
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